Meloidogyne incognita suppression and changes of grapevine yield properties determined by waste residues from jojoba, black seed oil extraction and slow release of nitrogen fertilizer.

摘要

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of jojoba, black seed oil extract and slow release nitrogen fertilizer on Meloidogyne incognita control and grape (cv. Superior) yield components. Five different treatments i.e., cold-pressed jojoba residues (CPJR), screw-pressed jojoba residues (SPJR), cold-pressed black seed residues(CPBR), screw-pressed black seed residues (SPBR) and slow release nitrogen fertilizer (SRNF) "Enciabein" were applied. M. incognita was found infesting on nine-year-old Superior planted in newly reclaimed sandy soil under drip irrigation system. The impacts of the soil amendments on plant growth variables and yield production when incorporated into the soil at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate) during two successive seasons were also studied. The equatorial and longitudinal dimensions of the fruits, leaves and soil contents of N, P, K and Fe were determined. All the tested substances significantly (P<0.01 or 0.05) suppressed M. incognita populations in the soil or roots through the two successive seasons compared to the control. Statistical differences in the nematode populations were found within and between the tested treatments. In respect of the percentage of efficacy of the amendments in reducing M. incognita populations in the soil and roots of Superior, the recommended rate of SRNF surpassed the other compounds two times through the two successive seasons. However, using all the application rates of SPJR, the lower rate of each of CPJR and SPBR and the recommended rate of each of CPJR and CPBR were superior for an experimental period in reducing M. incognita populations in the soil and roots of Superior. All the treatments increased the N, P, K and Fe contents in the soil and grape leaves compared to the control. All yield, physical, vegetative and chemical properties of the berries increased. All of the treatments gave low titratable acidity in the grape juice and high ratio of total soluble solids/ titratable acidity especially with the recommended rate of SPBR in the first season and the higher rate of CPJR compound in the second season. The study proved that natural compounds may be effective as natural nematicides in the control of M. incognita and could improve the growth and yield of grapes.