Any examination of the geographical distribution of volcanos reveals that they are concentrated in certain regions on our planet, such as the massive chains of submarine volcanos called ridges and the areas known as hot spots, as seen in Hawaii, where the Earth's mantle material is gushing out. Volcanos also converge in belt-like zones — as exemplified by the Pacific rim comprising Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand and certain other countries — where crustal plates forming the outersurface of the Earth are in collision with each other.
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