Ranolazine block of human Na(v)1.4 sodium channels and paramyotonia congenita mutants

摘要

The antianginal drug ranolazine exerts voltage- and use-dependent block (UDB) of several Na+ channel isoforms, including Na(v)1.4. We hypothesized that ranolazine will similarly inhibit the paramyotonia congenita Na(v)1.4 gain-of-function mutations, R1448C, R1448H and R1448P that are associated with repetitive action potential firing. Whole-cell Na+ current (I-Na) was recorded from HEK293 cells expressing the hNa(v)1.4 WT or R1448 mutations. At a holding potential (HP) of -140 mV, ranolazine exerted UDB (10 Hz) of WT and R1448 mutations (IC50 = 59-71 mu M). The potency for ranolazine UDB increased when the frequency of stimulation was raised to 30 Hz (IC50 = 20-27 mu M). When the HP was changed to -70 mV to mimic the resting potential of an injured skeletal muscle fiber, the potency of ranolazine to block I-Na further increased; values of ranolazine IC50 for block of WT, R1448C, R1448H and R1448P were 3.8, 0.9, 6.3 and 0.9 mu M, respectively. Ranolazine (30 mu M) also caused a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of inactivation of WT and R1448 mutations. The effects of ranolazine (30 mu M) to reduce I-Na were similar (similar to 35% I-Na inhibition) when different conditioning pulse durations (2-20 msec) were used. Ranolazine (10 mu M) suppressed the abnormal I-Na induced by slow voltage ramps for R1448C channels. In computer simulations, 3 mu M ranolazine inhibited the sustained and excessive firing of skeletal muscle action potentials that are characteristic of myotonia. Taken together, the data indicate that ranolazine interacts with the open state and stabilizes the inactivated state(s) of Na(v)1.4 channels, causes voltage- and use-dependent block of INa and suppresses persistent I-Na. These data further suggest that ranolazine might be useful to reduce the sustained action potential firing seen in paramyotonia congenita.