Materials for organic photovoltaic cells and light-emitting devices are reviewed. Dye-sensitized systems represent the most studied of these materials as they offer high efficiency of photoelectric energy conversion. Systems demonstrating efficient luminescence were identified; they are based on conjugated polymers, complexes of rare-earth elements with organic ligands, and dyes. To achieve efficient photoelectric conversion, different types of sensitizing dyes will be tested. Phthalocyanines and pentacenes are of special interest. Phthalocyanines are the most promising materials: they are easily synthesized and nontoxic, and their electric characteristics are widely investigated. Harnessing the unique electron-acceptor properties of the C_(60) molecule, one can attain considerable enhancement in the efficiency of solar-energy conversion into electricity. Organic photovoltaic cells are often made on the basis of aromatic and heterocyclic polymers-poly(p-phenylene-vinylene), polyanilines, polypyrroles, and polythiophenes. Organic photoconducting materials offer high photosensitivity and low dark current. They are readily available and can be easily deposited on a substrate, which make them suitable for the fabrication of relatively cheap photovoltaic cells.
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