Early Ontogenesis of Fish and of Commercial Invertebratesas a Problem of Developmental Biology

摘要

Investigation of early ontogenesis of fish is important for analysis of problems of developmental biologyas this group of animals, as the most numerous amongvertebrates, exists (and reproduces) under highlydiverse environmental conditions (Berg, 1955;Nikol’sky, 1963; Rass, 1983). High diversity of methods of reproduction and of types of early ontogenesisof these animals is related, to a high extent, to this distinction of fish biology (Kryzhanovskii, 1948, 1949,1953; Soin, 1968; Pavlov, 2007; Nel’son, 2009). Evolutionary laws of formation of this group of vertebrates and subsequent phylogenetic development arenot the less important factors determining the diversityof early stages of individual development (Shmal’gauzen, 1938, 1939, 1946; Severtsov, 1939). The evolutionarily older groups of fish (acipenserids, sharks,and skates) significantly differ in reproduction, eggstructure, and embryonic development from representatives of taxonomic groups that formed later. Thus,combination of ecological and evolutionary factorscomposes the main basis of a considerable diversity ofdevelopmental types of fish.