Older drivers' involvement in fatal RTCs. Do crashes fatal to them differ from crashes involving them but fatal to others?

摘要

In several countries, older drivers are disproportionately involved in fatal road traffic crashes (RTCs) for various reasons. This study maps the circumstances of occurrence of crashes involving older drivers that are fatal to either them or other road users and highlights differences between them. Sweden's national in-depth studies of fatal RTCs archive was used and focus was placed on crashes in which a driver aged 65 years or older was involved between 2002 and 2004(n = 197). Thirteen driver and crash characteristics were analyzed simultaneously and typical crash patterns (classes) were highlighted. For each pattern, the proportions of crashes fatal to the older driver vs. to someone else were compared. Four patterns were identified: (1) crashes on low-speed stretches, involving left turn and intersections; (2) crashes involving very old drivers and older vehicles, (3) rear-end collisions on high-speed stretches; and (4) head-on and single-vehicle crashes in rural areas. Older drivers dying in the crash were over-represented in classes 2 and 4. The study shows that when older drivers are involved in fatal RTCs, they are often the ones who die (60%). Typical circumstances surrounding their involvement include manoeuvring difficulties, fast-moving traffic, and colliding in an old vehicle. Preventing fatal RTCs involving older drivers requires not only age-specific but also general measures.