Progress in optical investigations, the influence optics exerts on nearly every aspect of everyday life, and the dependence of many applications on achievements in optical science clearly confirm the statement that optics has become an integrated area of knowledge, technology, and industry. In recent years, a significant place in the development of optics is occupied by quantum optics. The development of quantum optics, as any other science, proceeds irregularly: commonly, popular lines of inquiry move to the forefront, drawing the attention of researchers y their novelty and recognized possibilities for practical applications. Entangled states, being crucial for the creation of quantum computers, display one such possibility, previously inaccessible for traditional electronic computers. The problem of creation of such states and controlled action on them rests on the solution of a number of complex tasks, including the search for materials with a large coherence time, which allow for local actions and isolation with a spatial resolution of the order of the wavelength of light or better. The physical methods of realization of quantum computers thus far proposed-linear ion traps and solid-state variants on the basis of spin states of nuclei in diamond and silicon-employ a combination of techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy of single molecules. The quest to create quantum computers coincided surprisingly with the steady demand of the commercial market for ever more powerful processors. According to Moore's empirical law, the number of transistors in chips grows exponentially, which leads to the necessity of decreasing transistors to atomic size. This should result either in the saturation of the growth rate or in the development of a fundamentally new technology, whose role would be played by quantum processors.
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