Replenish the source within: Rescuing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by doublecheckpoint blockade.

摘要

We have recently reported that the PD-1 and CTLA4 signaling pathways are activein both effector and regulatory T cells, causing profound immune dysfunctions in the tumor microenvironment. In line with this notion, the dual blockade of PD-1- and CTLA4-conveyed signals may exert robust therapeutic effects. Here, we discussthe mechanisms possibly underlying such a synergic interaction.