Dependence of hard spring wheat yield and its components on meteorological factors under conditions of the West Siberian forest-steppe zone.

摘要

Six cultivars of hard spring wheat were grown during 1990-92 and 26 cultivars were planted during 1993-2001 in west Siberian forest-steppe zone (Russia). Phenological observations were recorded throughout the experiment and at different growth stages (sprouting-tillering, tillering-booting, booting-heading, heading-wax ripeness and sprouting-wax ripeness). Meteorological parameters were also considered every 10 days and during the entire period. The yield components studied included: crop yield, spikelet number/spike, grain number/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain weight/spike, plant number during harvest time, number of productive stems and survival. Spike productivity negatively correlated with precipitation from sprouting to tillering. Yield, spike number, plant number at harvest and plant survival were not correlated with daily temperature. An inverse correlation was observed between grain number/spike and air temperature in the heading-wax ripening stage, as well as the total growth time and development. The 1000-grain weight correlated negatively with increasing air temperature during development. Productive stem number and air temperature were positively correlated during sprouting-tillering. Depending on the cultivar, precipitation was particularly significant on yield during the first 10 days of July at the end of the booting-heading stage or at the start of the heading-ripening stage. In the first 10 days of May, relative humidity (RH) had a positive effect on the yield of all cultivars. This was also observed during the subsequent 10 days, except on cultivars Altaiskaya Niva and Saratovskaya Zolotistaya. The trend of positive reaction lasted through the first 20 days of June for all cultivars and through the third (except for Almaz). In the first 20 days of August, all cultivars reacted negatively to the increase in RH. The absence of positive correlation between wheat yield and productive soil moisture was observed when sowing on fallow..