Modification by master alloys containing alkaline-and rare-earth metals is accompanied by a decrease in the sulfur, phosphorus, and nonferrous-metal contents and by a change in the character of impurity distribution across the section and along the height of the ingot. The efficiency of processing with high-activity elements depends on the technology of their introduction into steel. When a melt is processed in a CSPU, detrimental impurities and nonferrous metals have time to be fixed and removed. For modification in an ingot mold, detrimental impurities cannot be removed; however, their distribution becomes more uniform, which increases the ductility and mechanical properties of the steel. The late introduction of a rare-earth-containing modifier into an ingot mold decreases its consumption.
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