Electronic Components and Architecture of Future Supercomputers

摘要

The development of architecture and electronic components of domestic and foreign supercomputers for over 50 years is reviewed from the first scalar computers CDC 6600, CDC 7600, IBM Stretch, and BESM-6 to modern systems with petascale performance. The following development stages are identified: scalar, vector-pipeline machines, massively parallel microprocessor systems, systems with accelerators and coprocessors, and heterogeneous systems on new components. The basic problems of the development of exascale systems are analyzed, and the plans of foreign companies to develop such systems are reviewed. Based on the experience in research on multiarchitecture systems, the author concludes that the development from personal computers to supersystems is wrong from a technical point of view and should not be repeated in our country. The supersystem development results should be used to create all classes of computers including PCs. The development of a domestic architecture, electronic components, and software for supersystems is an absolutely necessary condition for the strategic independence and guarantee of continuous development.