A reassessment of the phylogeny and biogeography of Rhabderemia Topsent, 1890 (Rhabderemiidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae)

摘要

Rhabderemia uruguaiensis van Soest & Hooper, 1993 is redescribed from a depth of 15m at Tempano Fjord (SE Pacific, Chile). Updated phylogenetic hypotheses are offered for Rhabderemia, based on two alternative macroevolutionary scenarios - outgroups Desmacellidae and Raspailiidae. The biogeographies implied from these phylogenies are discussed with a focus on those results shared by both phylogenies and a previously published one, as well as on the affinities derived from two recently described new species from the SW Atlantic, R. besnardi Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 and R. itajai Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005. Special mention is made of trans-Pacific tracks inferred here and elsewhere in the sponge phylogenetic literature. These span the following four routes: 1) Caribbean - Australia, 2) south-eastern Pacific - Tropical West Pacific, 3) south-eastern Pacific Easter Island, 4) New Zealand - Boreal Pacific.