The Archival Manuscript and the Book: Tools of Knowledge and Artifacts of Destruction During the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812

摘要

This paper examines the social role of the control of books and archives during the Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the War of 1812 in North America. Napoleon's systematic acquisition of archives, manuscripts, and books; their removal to France from captured territories; and the administration of these collections are discussed, along with his foundation of libraries in newly established centers of learning. The transfer of books, statuary, and other artifacts appears explicitly among the terms of more than one Napoleonic treaty with a conquered foe. The paper attempts to elucidate the cultural-historical roles of libraries and archives during the era and to highlight Napoleon's personal preoccupation with cultural artifacts, including books, scientific instruments, statuary, and paintings. Attention is also drawn to the records of the War of 1812, which can be seen as part of the broader Napoleonic Wars.