Seasonal variations in the internal conditions of colonies of the Melipona marginata obscurior Moure, at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

摘要

The knowledge of the internal conditions of Melipona marginata obscurior Moure, 1971 colonies, through the year, is important for the understanding of the behavior and handling of the stingless bees. This work aims the biological Study of the M. marginata obscurior in its natural environment, whith emphasis on the seasonal variation of the internal conditions of colonies. Four colonies were Studied at Centro de Pesquisas e Conservacao da Natureza Pro-Mata, in Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. It was valuated the nest volume, the diapause occurrence and duration, and the total number of combs and brood cells in the two last combs. For the four colonies the initial involucrum volume was similar, varying from 2.26 to 2.69 liter. In the final of the valuation, it was observed that the colony A volume was reduced to 5%, while the others grow up 61% (colony B), 84% (C) e 71% (D). From the monthly monitoring of the brood combs it was shown that diapause occurred in three colonies (B, C e D), while the colony A remained ininterruptly with posture. The colonies ceased the construction of brood cells and posture of the queen during the autumn and restarted this activity on the final of the winter. It's suggested that diapause period variation (8 to 23 weeks) is determined by internal factors of the colonies. The maximal number of combs, registered during the spring and the summer, varied from 6 to 8, while the number of the brood cells of the two last combs varied from 116 to 1190 cells. It was possible to recognize patterns, as well seasonal variations related to involucrum volume of the nest covering, to diapause occurrence and to number of the combs and brood cells on the two last combs. The seasonal variations of the internal conditions among the colonies were obvious and can be credited to intrinsic characteristics of the colonies.