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Invisible parts of attractors

机译:吸引子的隐形部分

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This paper deals with attractors of generic dynamical systems. We introduce the notion of ε-invisible set, which is an open set of the phase space in which almost all orbits spend on average a fraction of time no greater than ε. For extraordinarily small values of ε (say, smaller than 2 ~(-100), these are large neighbourhoods of some parts of the attractors in the phase space which an observer virtually never sees when following a generic orbit. For any n ≥ 100, we construct a set Q_n in the space of skew products over a solenoid with the fibre a circle having the following properties. Any map from Q_n is a structurally stable diffeomorphism; the Lipschitz constants of the map and its inverse are no greater than L (where L is a universal constant that does not depend on n, say L < 100). Moreover, any map from Q_n has a 2~(-n)-invisible part of its attractor, whose size is comparable to that of the whole attractor. The set Q_n is a ball of radius O(n~(-2) in the space of skew products with the C~1 metric. It consists of structurally stable skew products. Small perturbations of these skew products in the space of all diffeomorphisms still have attractors with the same properties. Thus for all such perturbations, a sizable portion of the attractor is almost never visited by generic orbits and is practically never seen by the observer.
机译:本文讨论了通用动力系统的吸引子。我们介绍了ε不可见集的概念,它是相空间的开放集,几乎所有轨道在其中平均花费不超过ε的时间。对于非常小的ε值(例如,小于2〜(-100),它们是相空间中吸引子某些部分的较大邻域,观察者在遵循一般轨道时几乎看不到。对于任何n≥100,我们在螺线管上的偏乘积空间中构造了一个集合Q_n,其中纤维为一个具有以下特性的圆:Q_n的任何图都是结构上稳定的微晶;该图的Lipschitz常数及其倒数不大于L(其中L是一个不依赖于n的通用常数,例如L <100),而且,任何来自Q_n的图都具有吸引子的2〜(-n)不可见部分,其大小可与整个吸引子相媲美。集合Q_n是具有C〜1度量的偏乘积空间中半径为O(n〜(-2)的球,它由结构稳定的偏乘积组成,这些偏乘积在所有微分形空间中的小扰动仍然具有相同性质的吸引子,因此对于所有此类扰动,吸引子的相当大的一部分几乎不会被一般轨道所访问,并且几乎不会被观察者看到。

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