Two types of donkey sentences

摘要

Mandarin Chinese exhibits two paradigms of conditionals with indefinitewh-words that have the semantics of donkey sentences, represented by ‘bare conditionals’ on the one hand andruguo- anddou-conditionals on the other. The bare conditionals require multiple occurrences ofwh-words, disallowing the use of overt or covert anaphoric elements in the consequent clause, whereas theruguo- anddou-conditionals present a completely opposite pattern. We argue that the bare conditionals are cases of unselective binding par excellence (Heim 1982, Kamp 1981) while theruguo- anddou-conditionals are most naturally accounted for with the traditional E-type pronoun strategy of Evans (1980). We thus argue partly for a return to the E-type strategy (along with Heim 1990) but maintain the need for unselective binding in UG (cf. Kratzer 1989, Chierchia 1992). It is further shown that these two paradigms do not differ with respect to the proportion problem and the distribution of symmetric and asymmetric readings of Kadmon (1987), though they differ with respect to ∀ and ∃ readings (discussed in Chierchia 1992) in a non-trivial way that provides further support for the proposed approach. Finally, evidence is given that the bare conditionals should be kept apart from correlative constructions in languages like Hindi, and treated differently from the