Introduction to EV and hybrid vehicles

摘要

More manufacturers, both mainstream and niche, are opting to produce alternative drivetrain vehicles. The basic principle of a full EV is that it is powered by an electric motor rather than a petrol or diesel engine. From the outside, you would probably have no idea that a car is electrically-powered, as in many cases they are created by converting a conventionally-powered car. It's only when you actually drive the car that you see and hear the difference - the vehicle runs virtually silently. Under the bonnet, however, there are a lot of differences between conventional fuel and electric cars. Electric cars run purely on electrical energy generated by large battery units. These battery units are often located in the centre of the vehicle and low down, positioned to improve the balance and centre of gravity of the vehicle as they can often weigh in excess of 270 kg. The battery units are usually lithium-ion based, which provide excellent range and recharging capabilities. To provide drive, the electric car has one, or sometimes two, large AC motors, capable of delivering very high torque outputs instantly. An example of this can be seen in the Tesla Roadster, which has a motor that produces 288 bhp and up to 295 lb-ft 400 NM of torque. For this reason, some electric cars are often very quick on acceleration. The Tesla Roadster, for example, accelerates from 0-60 mph in 3.7 seconds and on to 125 mph.