The main direction of growth in the metallurgical sector of the Russian Federation - which includes 200 factories engaged in ferrous metallurgy and 130 plants involved in nonferrous metallurgy - is the modernization and reconstruction of promising, profitable facilities and the liquidation of excess production capacity. One especially promising trend in tube production is the construction of new metallurgical complexes that make it possible to roll tubes directly from a continuous-cast semifinished product, thus by-passing the operations of forging or rolling. In the developed nations, up to 15 percent of all seamless tubes are made from continuous-cast rounds and squares, which makes it possible to save up to 15 percent of the metal. Most of the round semifinished products are within the diameter range 170-450 mm, which ensures a higher-quality tube.
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