Over the past 30 years, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, cryopreservation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, improved embryologic technology, vaginal egg retrieval, donor gametes, and surrogacy have gotten us where we are. For future progress, we must have group thinking, widely available assisted reproductive technologies, the ability to identify fertilized eggs with newborn potential, an understanding of oligospermia, better preimplantation genetic diagnosis, somatic reproduction, and exogenesis.
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