Fungus Gnats & Insecticide Resistance

摘要

Insecticides are still the primary means of regulating insect pest populations in greenhouse production systems. However, continual reliance on insecticides or not rotating insecticides with different modes of action may lead to problems associated with resistance. Insecticide resistance refers to the genetic ability of some individuals in an insect pest population to survive an application or applications of insecticides. In short, the insecticide no longer effectively kills a substantial number ofindividuals in an insect pest population. Resistance occurs at the population level and is an inherited trait. Also, any surviving insect or mite pests may pass traits (genetically) onto their offspring or next generation, thus enriching the gene pool with resistant genes. The amount of "selection pressure," or frequency of applying insecticides, is the primary factor that influences the ability of an insect pest population to develop and sustain resistance to insecticides. In addition, rapid uniformity and development of resistance may be associated with short generation time of the insect or mite pest and frequency of applications performed by the grower.