Phylloxera and root rot in the vineyard efficiency

摘要

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae; Hombptera: Phylloxeridae) is potentially the most serious grape pest in the world. A native parasite of Noah American Vitis species, phylloxera is an aphid-like insect that feeds voraciously on the roots of European grapevines causing decline and eventual death. Resistant rootstocks developed by the French in the late 1800s, originating from selections of North American Vitis or crosses between Noah American Vitis species and V. vinifera, almost completely eliminated vineyard losses caused by phylloxera. One of these rootstocks, AXR#1, once constituted about 70 percent of the plantings in Napa and Sonoma counties of California.