Risk factors in larynx and oropharyngeal malignant neoplasms

摘要

Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are most strongly and best-recognized risk factors of oral cavity cancer (OCC) and laryngeal cancer (LC). Alcohol multiplicative interaction includes acetaldehyde effects, reactive oxygen compound, epithelial cells irritation, increasing cross links penetration in mucosal cells. Some of the adverse effects of cigarette smoke and induction of oxidative stress by inhalation of free radicals of O2 and N2 are gunanine derivatives like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines. There is substantial evidence that N-nitrosamines have an important role in DNA alkylation as a result of reactions with N, O and P atoms. The mutagenic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-Nitrosamines are known as important factors in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking metabolism derivatives mutually play a roll in carcinogenesis. Alcohol's role as solvent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines stimulates carcinogenics absorption and transport to tissues. Alcohol has a role in the selective inhibition of nitrostamines metabolism in liver and cigarette smoking increased risk of extra hepatic tissues exposure of nitrostamines. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, but may play an important role as risk factor in extra hepatic carcinogenesis.