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Behavioral Isolation Based on Visual Signals in a Sympatric Pair of Darter Species

机译:基于视觉信号的同伴飞镖物种对行为隔离

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摘要

Elaborate visual communication signals characterize many animal lineages. Often sex-limited, these signals are generally assumed to result from sexual selection, and in many cases, their evolution is thought to play a central role in speciation. The co-evolution of male visual signals and female preferences is hypothesized to result in behavioral isolation between divergent lineages; however, for many lineages characterized by elaborate visual signals, the importance of visual differences in behavioral isolation is not well established. Darters (fish genus Etheostoma) are particularly appropriate for examining the role of visual signals in behavioral isolation. They comprise one of the most diverse groups of North American freshwater fish, and nearly every species is characterized by unique nuptial coloration. Multiple darter species co-exist in sympatric populations, indicating that reproductive barriers are central to maintaining these extraordinarily diverse color patterns. This study demonstrates the presence of behavioral isolation between a pair of distinctly colored sympatric darter species, Etheostoma barrenense and Etheostoma zonale, through experimental observations using an artificial stream. In addition, a series of dichotomous mate-choice trials indicate that females prefer conspecific males over heterospecifics based on visual differences alone. We therefore provide the first evidence that visual signals are a critical trait maintaining behavioral isolation in darters, a lineage of fishes with spectacular diversification in visual communication.
机译:精致的视觉传达信号是许多动物血统的特征。这些信号通常受性别限制,通常被认为是由性别选择产生的,在许多情况下,它们的进化被认为在物种形成中起着核心作用。假设男性视觉信号和女性喜好的共同进化会导致不同血统之间的行为隔离。然而,对于许多以精细的视觉信号为特征的血统,在行为隔离中视觉差异的重要性尚未得到很好的确立。突进者(鱼属Etheostoma)特别适合检查视觉信号在行为隔离中的作用。它们构成了北美淡水鱼种类最多的群体之一,几乎每个物种都具有独特的婚前颜色。同胞种群中共存有多种较猛的物种,这表明生殖障碍对于维持这些极为不同的颜色模式至关重要。这项研究通过使用人工流进行的实验观察,证明了在一对颜色鲜明的同伴飞镖物种Etheostoma barrenense和Etheostoma zonale之间存在行为隔离。此外,一系列的二分选择试验表明,仅基于视觉差异,女性比同种异体更喜欢同种雄性。因此,我们提供了第一个证据,即视觉信号是维持飞镖行为隔离的重要特征,飞镖是鱼类的一类,在视觉交流中具有惊人的多样性。

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