Determination of Lead(II) in Groundwater Using Solid-State Lead(II) Selective Electrodes by Tuned Galvanostatic Polarization

摘要

A method for direct potentiometric determination of lead(II) ion in native, untreated environmental samples of groundwater is reported. In a filtered sample, when applying a solid-state (PbS/Ag_2S) ion-selective electrode in tuned galvanostatic polarization (TGP) mode, a concentration of 17.2±1.6μgdm~(-3) was measured. The potentiometric results are compared with those obtained using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 18.0±0.4μgdm~(-3) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), 24.3±0.5μgdm~(-3). Owing to limitations of other methods, the analysis of Pb~(2+) in the untreated and non-filtered samples was only possible with the ion-selective electrode solid-state electrode. The described method can be an attractive alternative to existing methods of Pb~(2+) determination that are used to monitor groundwater pollution.