Slope-area thresholds of road-induced gully erosion and consequent hillslope-channel interactions

摘要

Pikes Peak Highway is a partially paved road between Cascade, Colorado and the summit of Pikes Peak. Significant gully erosion is occurring on the hillslopes due to the concentration of surface runoff, the rearrangement of drainage pathways along the road surface and adjacent drainage ditches, and the high erodibility of weathered Pikes Peak granite that underlies the area. As a result, large quantities of sediment are transported to surrounding valley networks causing significant damage to water quality and aquatic, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. This study establishes the slope/drainage area threshold for gullying along Pikes Peak Highway and a cesium-137 based sediment budget highlighting rates of gully erosion and subsequent valley deposition for a small headwater basin. The threshold for gullying along the road is S_(cr) = 0 ? 21A~(-0?45) and the road surface reduces the critical slope requirement for gullying compared to natural drainages in the area. Total gully volume for the 20 gullies along the road is estimated at 5974 m~3, with an erosion rate of 64 m~3 yr~(-1) to 101 m~3 yr~(-1). Net valley deposition is estimated at 162 m~3 yr~(-1) with 120 m~3 yr~(-1) unaccounted for by gullying. The hillslope-channel interface is decoupled with minimal downstream sediment transport which results in significant local gully-derived sedimentation.