Segmentation of the Transportation Market with Regard to Activity-based Freight Transport Modelling

摘要

Transport models are used to estimate the expected effects of policy measures- such as infrastructure building, upgrading or the introduction of a highway toll-on the users of a transport system. The results of transport models are a necessary input for cost-benefit analyses, which answer the question of whether a policy measure improves the economic welfare. In passenger transport modelling, the activity-based approach links peoples' daily behaviour patterns to their movements through, time and space. Traffic-as a macroscopic phenomenon-can be explained as the sum of many individual behaviour decisions. In the modelling of freight transport, the state-of-the-art method is still the aggregate and functional approach, which concentrates on regions/traffic cells and their gross domestic product by economic sector instead of individual logistical decisions. The transports are losing the relation to the responsible decision-maker. There is still a lack of suitable actor-based micro-models that are capable of adequately modeling freight transport systems. Having a microscopic modelling base for the transport of goods would be a significant improvement for transport forecasts and the assessment of policy measures, because of its ability to map individual adaptation reactions. The article gives a short introduction to microscopic modelling techniques in freight transport. However, the question of the modelling object and its classification is the first to be answered when modelling and simulating shipper and carrier behaviour.