Ecosystem services of native trees: experiences from two traditional agroforestry systems in Karnataka, Southern India

摘要

Agroforestry systems with native trees provide an interesting instance wherein provisional, regulatory, habitat, and ancillary ecosystem services are simultaneously exploited, but are least recognized. In the present study, the potential of native trees to optimize different ecosystem services is compared, versus introduced species in two traditional agroforestry systems in Karnataka state, Southern India: (a) coffee-based shaded perennial systems in Kodagu district of the tropical humid zone; and (b) dryland agro-ecosystems with Ficus trees in Mandya district of the semi-arid zone. Ecosystem services were assessed based on collected field data and farmers' perceptions. Compared with exotic species, native trees provide more direct and indirect benefits, irrespective of differences in type, location, scope, and management of these systems. The role of native trees in supporting the overall sustainability of agroforestry systems is highlighted in the study. Moreover, it is emphasized that the long-term sustenance of traditional agroforestry systems depends on appreciation of the indirect and intangible benefits that are provided