Interventional immunotherapy in breast cancer

摘要

Breast cancer remains a global public health burden with more than 1 million new cases diagnosed worldwide each year [101]. Furthermore, despite notable diagnostic and therapeutic innovations over the last several decades, approximately a third of women with early-stage breast cancer ultimately develop distant metastases and die of related complications [101,102]. Until all women are cured of this disease, additional therapeutic strategies are needed. However, because each individual patient is unique and their tumors are similarly heterogeneous, it is likely that successful future treatment innovations will harness and, perhaps, exploit these unique features if truly personalized medicine is to be delivered.