Integrated simulation-optimization model for groundwater management in Punjab, India.

摘要

The rising and falling water tables in the northern Indian States, especially in Punjab State, are threatening the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in this region. The simulation and optimization techniques are useful tools to determine the optimal development and operation of groundwater systems. An integrated simulation-optimization model has been developed using embedding technique to control the rising water tables in southwest Punjab, India. The objective function of the model was to maximize pumpage, subject to the constraints on governing groundwater flow equation, groundwater potential depending upon groundwater quality, canal water availability, hydraulic heads and irrigation requirement by meeting 100, 95 and 90% evapotranspiration demands. The study show that it is possible to arrest the rising trend of water table in Southwest Indian Punjab by seasonal and inter seasonal redistribution of canal water releases, and enhancing the groundwater pumping by 20% from existing levels during monsoon and 132% during winter season..