In continuous casting - the transformation of molten metal into solid - the control of steel flow rates is accomplished by the tundish. This refractory-lined distributor, is placed over the mould, receives molten steel from the furnace ladle, and acts as a buffer vessel between the steel ladle and the mould. The tundish's key control parameter consists in matching the flow of liquid steel into the mould with the withdrawal speed of the strand out of the mould (see figure), and this is where refractories have their key application.
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