Perspectives on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Use, misuse, drawbacks, and a new alternative for schizophrenia research

摘要

BACKGROUND: In 1987, Kay et al published the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the PANSS manual to address the limitations of existing instruments for schizophrenia research. The PANSS has been one of the most widely used instruments in schizophrenia research until now. Because of recent advances in neuroscience research, it has become essential to reevaluate the performance of the PANSS since its development 3 decades ago.