Management of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognitaGram Through Bioagents

摘要

Green gram (Vigna radiata L.), commonly known as mung bean or moong, belonging to the family Leguminoceae and subfamily Papilionceae, is a herbaceous, annual crop, mostly grown under semi-arid and sub-tropical climate. The crop is believed to be native of India and Central Asia (Vavilov, 1951) and now widely grown in Southeast Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. India produces 14.76 million tons of pulses from an area of 23.63 million hectare, of which green gram occupies 14.0 per cent in total pulses area and contributes 7.0 per cent in total pulses production of India (Directorate of Economics & Statistics, M/A, GOI, 2006). In Assam, it occupies an area of 8000 hectares with a total production of 4.4 thousand tones. The average yield of this pulse crop in Assam is considerably low, which is only 4.90 q/ha (Annon, 2008). The crop green gram suffers from a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes which reduces its growth; subsequently the production and productivity.The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are considered as one of the most destructive pests of green gram limiting its production (Sikora & Greco, 1993). In India, the root-knot disease caused by M. incognita and M. javanica on green gram was first reported by Singh (1972). In Assam, yield loss in green gram due to Meloidogyne incognita is estimated as 17.50 to 57.83 per cent (Phukan, 2007).