Ribotoxic stress by mycotoxins.

摘要

More than 10% of the world's annual harvests are destroyed by mold (Normile 2010). Many fungi produce mycotoxins that accumulate in human tissues and induce toxic effects (Munoz et al. 2009; Degen et al. 1997; Magdalan et al. 2009; Degen and Hengstler 2008; Klaric et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2009). The best known mycotoxin is aflatoxin B_1 which is one of the strongest human liver carcinogens (Hengstler etal. 1999; Hewitt etal. 2007). Aflatoxin B[ is particularly critical for humans as they lack efficient detoxification of aflatoxin B_1 epoxide which is generated in the liver (Degen and Neumann 1978, 1981). In contrast, many mouse strains express specific isoforms of glutathione-S-transferase which detoxify aflatoxin B, metabolite and-in contrast to humans-render mice resistant to aflatoxin B_1 toxicity.