Intensive fishing has not forced dietary change in the South American fur seal Arctophoca (=Arctocephalus) australis off Rio de la Plata and adjoining areas

摘要

South American fur seals (Arctophoca australis) inhabiting the Rio de la Plata plume and adjoining areas are known to forage upon a wide range of prey (i.e. pelagic, demersal and benthic species).Since the 1960s, trawlers have operated in the area, targeting primarily demersal and benthic species. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios from 54 adult male fur seals dead stranded along the coast of southern Brazil from 1994 to 2011 were analysed to investigate whether the intensification of fishing in Rio de la Plata and adjoining areas since the mid-1990s has reduced the availability of benthic and demersal prey to the growing population of South American fur sealsNo significant correlation between C-13 or N-15 values and stranding year was found, thus revealing that fur seals maintained a steady diet over 17 yearReconstruction of the isotopic landscape of the study area using potential prey of fur seals showed a spatial segregation, with prey from southern Brazil typically enriched in C-13 and depleted in N-15 compared with those from northern Argentina. Most adult male fur seals relied mainly on small pelagic fishes and squid captured on the continental shelf, whereas medium pelagic and demersal-benthic prey played a minor role in the dietIt is concluded that South American fur seals rely on pelagic resources (i.e. small pelagic fish and squid) more strongly than previously thought and that their diet does not reflect the varying abundance of demersal-benthic resources in the areaAs long as small pelagic fish remain under-exploited in the area, competition between fisheries and fur seals is not expected. However, it is difficult to foresee how changes in the structure and dynamics of the ecosystem caused by fisheries may affect South American fur seal conservation in the long term. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.