Chronic kidney disease: cause and consequence of cardiovascular disease.

摘要

The widely held view that albuminuria and/or reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) inexorably progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring kidney replacement therapy is not uniformly accurate. Inadequately treated nephropathy risk factors in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as hyperglyce-mia, hypertension, and proteinuria often lead to declining kidney function. However, the number of individuals at risk for ESRD by virtue of having CKD demonstrates that only a minority reach ESRD. Indeed, most will ultimately die of cardiovascular disease (CVD) before needing renal replacement therapy.