ARA to gain from a wider and cleaner Europe?

摘要

The future for coal importation and handling in the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp (ARA) range depends on a complex cocktail of factors. Opportunities include the growth of coal and coke imports to Germany as domestic production declines. The same trend will impact Polish and Czech Republic coal mines as they become subject to the same EU subsidy reduction policies. As can be seen on page 20, biomass also offers exciting new prospects for the ARA on the back of tighter carbon emission controls throughout Europe. Against this is increased pressure on carbon emissions and the structural decline of Europe's large-scale iron and steel manufacturing.