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Calf management practices and associations with herd-level morbidity and mortality on beef cow-calf operations

机译:小牛管理实践以及与肉牛犊牛操作中的畜群发病率和死亡率相关

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The objective of this study was to investigate calf management practices on beef cow-calf operations and determine associations with herd-level morbidity and mortally of pre-weaned calves. A 40-question survey about management practices, morbidity and mortality was administered to cow-calf producers by distributing paper surveys and by circulating an online link through various media. A total of 267 producers completed the survey. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression models. Average herd-level treatment risk for pre-weaning calf diarrhea (PCD) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were 4.9% and 10%, respectively. Average herd-level mortality within the first 24 h of life (stillbirth), from 1 to 7 days and 7 days to weaning were 23%, 1.1%, and 1.4%, respectively. Operations that never intervened at parturition had 4.7% higher PCD than those that occasionally did. On operations using small elastrator bands for castration, PCD was 1.9% higher than those using other methods. For every increase of 100 cows in herd size, BRD decreased by 1.1%. The association between BRD and PCD varied by when calving season began. Operations that used off-farm, frozen colostrum had a 1.1% increase in stillbirths. Operations that verified a calf had suckled had 0.7% lower mortality from 1 to 7 days of age. Those that intervened when colostrum was abnormal or that used small elastrator bands for castration had 1.9% and 1.4% higher mortality during the 15t week of life, respectively, compared with other operations. Mortality from 7 days to weaning was lower by 0.7% when calving season started in April compared with January or February and was higher by 1.0% for each additional week of calving season. Operations that intervened with colostrum consumption for assisted calvings had lower mortality from 7 days to weaning by 0.8% compared with those that did not. For every 1.0% increase in BRD, mortality from 7 days to weaning increased by 1.0%. Stillbirths and mortality from 7 days to weaning decreased non-linearly with herd size. Factors related to calving season, herd size, interventions at calving, colostrum management and castration impacted herd-level morbidity and mortality. However, effect size was generally small and causation cannot be determined with a cross-sectional study design. This study identifies several common health management practices associated with calfhood morbidity and mortality that should be further investigated to establish evidence-based management strategies to improve the health and survival of beef calves.
机译:这项研究的目的是调查犊牛犊牛操作中的犊牛管理方法,并确定与牛群发病率和断奶前犊牛死亡率的关联。通过分发纸质调查并通过各种媒体传播在线链接,向奶牛生产者进行了有关管理实践,发病率和死亡率的40个问题的调查。共有267个生产商完成了调查。使用描述性统计数据和多元线性回归模型分析数据。断奶前小牛腹泻(PCD)和牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)的平均牧群治疗风险分别为4.9%和10%。出生后头24小时(死产),断奶1至7天和7天的平均牛群死亡率分别为23%,1.1%和1.4%。从未进行过分娩的手术PCD比偶尔发生的手术高4.7%。在使用小的弹力带进行cast割的操作中,PCD比使用其他方法的那些高1.9%。每增加100头母牛,BRD下降1.1%。 BRD和PCD之间的关联因产犊季节的开始而异。使用非农场,冷冻初乳的手术死产增加了1.1%。确认小牛已哺乳的手术从1到7天龄的死亡率降低了0.7%。与其他手术相比,初乳异常时进行干预的患者或使用小的弹力带去势的患者在生命的15t周内死亡率分别提高了1.9%和1.4%。从4月开始产犊季节时,从7天到断奶的死亡率与1月或2月相比降低了0.7%,而每隔一周产犊的死亡率升高了1.0%。与未分娩相比,干预初乳消耗的手术从7天到断奶的死亡率降低了0.8%。 BRD每增加1.0%,从第7天到断奶的死亡率增加1.0%。从7天到断奶的死产和死亡率随着牛群的大小呈非线性下降。与产犊季节,牛群规模,产犊的干预措施,初乳管理和去势有关的因素影响着牛群的发病率和死亡率。但是,效果的大小通常很小,并且无法通过横断面研究设计确定因果关系。本研究确定了与犊牛发病率和死亡率相关的几种常见健康管理实践,应进一步研究以建立基于证据的管理策略,以改善牛肉犊的健康和生存。

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