Status of male sterility in vegetables for hybrid development. A Review

摘要

Male sterility in vegetables is a never-ending process due to rapid advancement in molecular techniques and their implementation. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of male sterility in selected vegetable crops. On a global level, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS) are the most widely utilized in the majority of vegetables. In India vegetable hybrids based on CMS and CGMS system have been limited. In India, genetic male sterility (GMS) has been exploited commercially only in the cases of chilli and muskmelon to develop F-1 hybrid seed commercially. Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, India has released two chilli hybrids (CH-1 and CH-3) and one muskmelon hybrid (Punjab Hybrid) based on the GMS system. Similarly in tomato, work on GMS lines is in progress at PAU. The CGMS system has been commercially exploited in chilli, onion and carrot. In the recent past, chilli CGMS lines were introduced at the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR) from AVRDC, which are utilized directly or indirectly to produce CMS-based hybrids, i.e Kashi Surkh (CCH-2) and Kashi Early (CCH-3). The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India has also released chilli hybrids based on the CGMS system, i.e. Arka Meghna (MSH-172), MSH-149 and MSH-96. In carrot, the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) regional station, Katrain (HP), India has developed one hybrid, 'Pusa Nayanjyoti', which is based on petaloid CGMS and it was identified for release from Delhi state seed subcommittee in 2009. In the tropical group of carrot, IARI, New Delhi India has also reported CGMS system in different genetic backgrounds and evaluation of different hybrid combinations is in progress. In onion, IIHR, Bangalore has released two hybrids based on the CGMS system, i.e. Arka Kirtiman and Arka Lalima, and IARI, New Delhi has developed two hybrids in onion (Hybrid-63 and Hybrid-35) which are based on the same system. The CMS system has been commercially exploited in cabbage, cauliflower and onion. The IARI Regional Station Katrain (Kullu Valley) has evolved a few hybrids in cabbage by utilizing Ogura CMS system and one of the hybrids (KCH-5) was in field testing under All India Coordinated Research Project on Vegetable Crops. The Ogura-type CMS has been transferred into heat-tolerant Indian cauliflower from kale and broccoli through repeated backcrosses; four lines (MS-91, MS-51, MS-11 and MS-110) from the former and five lines (MS-01, MS-04, MS-05, MS-09 and MS-10) from the latter were developed. In India, research on the transgenic male sterility system has been initiated in selected vegetables but our first priority should be the utilization of existing and established, but unexploited, male sterility systems. This will not only promote adoption of hybrid vegetable technology by economizing the cost of hybrid seeds but also provide basic material and scope for the development of more efficient male sterility system in respective vegetable crops.