Catalytic antibodies were originally described as pathogenic mediators in autoimmune disease, analogous to the traditional role of reversibly binding autoantibodies as mediators of Ehrlich's horror autotoxicus theory of autoimmunity. The FIX-activating antibodies, in contrast, are proposed to exert a beneficial procoagulant effect that compensates for the anticoagulant effect of conventional autoantibodies to Factor VIII (FVIII) found in acquired hemophilia patients.
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