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Breeding crop plants with deep roots: their role in sustainable carbon, nutrient and water sequestration

机译:培育具有深厚根源的农作物:它们在可持续碳,养分和水固存中的作用

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Background The soil represents a reservoir that contains at least twice as much carbon as does the atmosphere, yet (apart from 'root crops') mainly just the above-ground plant biomass is harvested in agriculture, and plant photosynthesis represents the effective origin of the overwhelming bulk of soil carbon. However, present estimates of the carbon sequestration potential of soils are based more on what is happening now than what might be changed by active agricultural intervention, and tend to concentrate only on the first metre of soil depth.Scope Breeding crop plants with deeper and bushy root ecosystems could simultaneously improve both the soil structure and its steady-state carbon, water and nutrient retention, as well as sustainable plant yields. The carbon that can be sequestered in the steady state by increasing the rooting depths of crop plants and grasses from, say, 1 m to 2 m depends significantly on its lifetime(s) in different molecular forms in the soil, but calculations (http://dbkgroup.org/carbonsequestration/rootsystem.html) suggest that this breeding strategy could have a hugely beneficial effect in stabilizing atmospheric CO2. This sets an important research agenda, and the breeding of plants with improved and deep rooting habits and architectures is a goal well worth pursuing.
机译:背景技术土壤代表的储层中碳的含量至少是大气中碳含量的两倍,但(除了“块根作物”以外)主要是农业中收获的地上植物生物量,而植物的光合作用代表了土壤的有效起源。大量的土壤碳。但是,目前对土壤碳固存潜力的估计更多地是基于现在正在发生的事情,而不是通过积极的农业干预可能会改变的情况,并且往往仅集中于土壤深度的第一米。根系生态系统可以同时改善土壤结构及其稳态碳,水和养分保持力,以及可持续的植物产量。通过将农作物和草的生根深度从例如1 m增加到2 m可以在稳态下隔离的碳在很大程度上取决于土壤中不同分子形式的碳的寿命,但是需要进行计算(http:// //dbkgroup.org/carbonsequestration/rootsystem.html)表明,这种育种策略可能会对稳定大气中的CO2产生巨大的有益影响。这设定了重要的研究议程,具有良好根深蒂固的习惯和结构的植物育种是一个值得追求的目标。

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