Pulmonary Embolus Imaging Assessment With Emphasis on Echocardiography

摘要

Background This case discusses the importance of echocardiography, or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), in detecting and diagnosing pulmonary embolisms (PE). The patient described in this case study who underwent an echocardiography examination a few years before, had little reason to suspect the result of his PE would be a metastatic tumor showering masses of cancerous material and blood clots to his lungs. Discussion Although computed tomography angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing PE, echocardiography is the preferred modality for identifying heart masses or tumors and provides vital PE information. Four testing components provide essential information for PE detection (ie, right ventricle dysfunction, McConnell sign, elevated pulmonary artery pressures, and visualization of the mass or thrombus). Through these components, TTE has a vital role in patient care, which other imaging modalities lack. The patient in this case study is an example of why protocols should be standardized for preventive hepatocellular carcinoma screenings and sonography implemented as a routine PE detection tool. Conclusion Echocardiography is noninvasive, causes no known adverse effects to the patient, presents instantaneous results, and is cost effective and time efficient. Although PE is treatable, it is a common cause of death; the use of echocardiography to diagnose PE might change that outcome.