The more effective treatment of atrial fibrillation applying the natural compounds; as NADPH oxidase and ion channel inhibitors

摘要

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia that occurs because of several different risk factors, e.g., valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, age &= 75 years, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. One key risk factor that results in AF, is oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that there is a correlation between oxidative processes and the genesis of AF. Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase due to excessive activity of enzymes including NADPH oxidase (NOX) and xanthine oxidase; or its degradation decrease by dysfunctional antioxidant enzyme systems, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Afterwards, elevated ROS may shift ion channel activity to increase AF susceptibility.