Temporomandibular Disorders and Oral Parafunctions: Mechanism, Diagnostics, and Therapy

摘要

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions are very common problems in the modern society. TMD are a group of symptoms related to impaired function of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and associated muscles. The symptoms can include pain or tenderness of TMJs area, clicking or grating sounds in the TMJs, limited jaw movements, muscle pain, headache, tinnitus, impaired hearing, and earache. It had been proved that they are related to multiple causes, such as psychological, occlusal, and general health factors [1-3]. There is also evidence that TMD may be related to cervical spine disorders and its mobility [4, ].