Catastrophe hygiene, its contents and place in the federal surveillance service system in the protection of consumers' rights and human well-being

摘要

In the past two decades, there has been an increase in the number of earthquakes, tidal waves, accidents at chemically dangerous enterprises, and other types of catastrophes, which have posed an emergency survival problem for society. The scientific development of this problem has given rise to a new area of preventive medicine--catastrophe hygiene that is designed to eliminate (reduce) the poor influence of emergency factors and to offer the suffered population safe conditions of accommodation and/or life, water supply, nutrition, and other elements of survival under these conditions. The paper defines the subject and objects of studies in catastrophe hygiene. It characterizes the value and role of this science in the organization and implementation of preventive measures to liquidate the medicosanitary consequences of emergencies, as well as the place of hygienic facilities and research institutes within the framework of the Russian emergency service.