Phytoremediation of the Arsenic Contaminated Soils by Different Fern Species in Northern of Iran

摘要

Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove, metabolize or degrade toxic environmental materials. The prerequisite for successful phytoremediation is the existence of hyperaccumulator plants. Designed to search for new arsenic (As) hyperaccumulators, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with three replications. Speciation and distribution of arsenic in the plant can provide important information helpful to understanding the mechanisms for arsenic accumulation, translocation and transformation. We considered four species of native ferns in Iran as follow: Asplenium nidus (AN), Pteris umbrosia (PU), Polypodium vulgare (PV) and Pteris cretica (PC). The average As concentration ranged from 164 to4820 mg.kg~(-1) DW in the fronds and from 23 to 510 mg.kg~(-1) in the roots of (AN), (PU), (PV) and (PC) after growing in 120 mg As kg~(-1) soil for 50 days. The results showed that percentage of As (III) was greater than As (V) in the fronds and roots of fern species. Based on our study, Pteris umbrosia is suitable for environmental conditions in northern of Iran. The nutrient requirements or distributions within the fern species were altered distinctly when the plants were exposed to As.