Responses of the rat kidney to the water load test and vasopressin administered during normal feeding and fasting

摘要

Parameters of water-salt balance in Wistar rats were compared on empty stomach and at standard alimentary regimen (satiated animals). On empty stomach, the blood serum osmolatity amounted to 284 +/- 2, while in satiated rats--to 290 +/- 5 mOsm/kg H2O (p < 0.05); sodium ion concentration on empty stomach lower, whereas no difference in potassium concentration was found. After an intragastric administration of water (5 ml/100 g body mass) to unanaesthetised rats, the blood serum osmolality decreased, while diuresis increased to an equal extent in both groups of rats. For 120 min after the water administration the rats on an empty stomach excreted 92.9% of the administrated fluid, whereas the satiated animals--80.7%. The urine composition differed qualitatively: in fasting rats the increment of diuresis was due to a rise of osmotic free water excretion, whereas in satiated rats--to an increase of excretion of osmotic active substances (including Na and K ions) with water and a simultaneous increase of theosmotic free water reabsorption in the kidney. After the water load and injection of 0.005 nmole/100 g body mass of arginine-vasopressin for 2 hr of the study, diuresis in both groups of animals decreased to an equal extent, but in fasting animals this was due mostly to an increase of the osmotic free water. The data obtained indicate that, under conditions of usual alimentary regimen, the response of kidney to the water load had a character of a volume-regulating response, whereas in fasting rats--of the specific osmorequlating one. A problem is discussed of the concept of norm under usual conditions and at certain clinically accepted restrictions, for instance, on empty stomach.