The distribution of magnetization in ferromagnets is discussed.A bulk magnetic material is normally subdivided into magnetic domains to reduce the magnetostatic energy.After the domains and the walls between them are introduced intuitively, space-dependent magnetic free energy consisting of exchange, anisotropic, and magnetostatic energy densities in local areas is formulated.This approach serves as the basis for interpreting magnetic domain structures in which the magnetization changes from point to point in space and also for showing situations in which the domain concept fails.As examples, magnetic domains in ferromagnets with sphere and slab shapes are discussed.
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