Limiting Shapes for a Non-Abelian Sandpile Growth Model and Related Cellular Automata

摘要

We present limiting shape results for a non-abelian variant of the abelian sandpile growth model (ASGM), some of which have no analog in the ASGM. One of our limiting shapes is an octagon. In our model, mass spreads from the origin by the toppling rule in Zhang's sandpile model. Previously, several limiting shape results have been obtained for the ASGM using abelianness and monotonicity as main tools. As both properties fail for our model, we use a new proof technique: in our main proof, we introduce several cellular automata to mimic our growth model.