Non-destructive testing techniques are most commonly employed for detection and characterization of flaws in the component. Apart from flaw characteristics, another parameter which is equally important to assess the structural integrity of engineering components is the material property. Nondestructive testing techniques offer several advantages over the conventional coupon-based techniques. Ultrasonic Testing is one of the widely used NDT techniques for material characterization. In the past few decades, researchers all over the world have carried out extensive study to characterize, both microstructural and mechanical properties of materials by ultrasonic testing. This paper highlights the ultrasonic testing parameters useful for material characterization studies and also investigations carried out in various laboratories including authors' laboratory on characterization of microstructural and mechanical properties of materials, qualification of processing treatments during fabrication and assessment of damage during service due to various degradation mechanisms
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