Lessons Learned from a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets

Wulf Christina; Zapp Petra; Schreiber Andrea; Marx Josefine; Schl?r Holger

摘要

Summary >In order to address methodological challenges during life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA), this article combines the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA), a life cycle costing, and a social LCA using the example of a complex product: a rare earth permanent magnet for use in wind turbines. The article presents different approaches for combining the results of separate assessments with its attendant methodological challenges. Different normalization, aggregation methods, and weighing factors are applied and their impacts on the results are compared. The underlying case study makes an evaluation of these different methodologies more concrete. Results show that the normalization method applied has a greater influence on the overall results than the aggregation method or weighting factors. Additionally, this study shows that indifference thresholds should be applied to avoid overestimation of small impacts. Indifference thresholds ensure that impact categories with nearly the same results for all analyzed options are treated as identical results. The study also indicates the importance of the question of how much compensation between impacts is desirable. Despite the impact of these factors, the chosen case study of an LCSA for permanent magnets with different supply routes for rare earths shows that the ranking of Chinese production is the most problematic irrespective of the approaches applied. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>摘要</ title> >按顺序排序为了解决生命周期可持续性评估（LCSA）期间的方法挑战，本文将生命周期评估（LCA），生命周期成本和社交LCA的结果结合了使用复杂产品的示例：稀土永磁体在风力涡轮机中使用。本文介绍了与其伴随方法挑战相结合的不同方法。应用了不同的归一化，聚集方法和称重因子，并比较它们对结果的影响。潜在的案例研究对这些不同的方法进行了更多混凝土的评估。结果表明，施加的归一化方法对总体结果产生了更大的影响，而不是聚集方法或加权因子。此外，该研究表明应该应用漠不关量的阈值以避免高估小冲击。漠不关心阈值确保具有与所有分析选项的几乎相同结果的影响类别被视为相同的结果。该研究还表明了对影响之间有多少补偿是值得可取的问题的重要性。尽管这些因素的影响，但稀土供应路线的永磁体LCSA的选择案例研究表明，中国生产的排名是最有问题的，而不管应用的方法如何。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-34816/'>《Journal of Industrial Ecology》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第6期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共13页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wulf Christina&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wulf Christina;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zapp Petra&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zapp Petra;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Schreiber Andrea&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Schreiber Andrea;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Marx Josefine&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Marx Josefine;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Schl?r Holger&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Schl?r Holger;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich Germany;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/21.html" title="环境科学、安全科学">环境科学、安全科学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=industrial ecology&option=203" rel="nofollow">industrial ecology;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA)&option=203" rel="nofollow">life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA);</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=methodology&option=203" rel="nofollow">methodology;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=multicriteria decision making&option=203" rel="nofollow">multicriteria decision making;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=normalization&option=203" rel="nofollow">normalization;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=rare earth metals&option=203" rel="nofollow">rare earth metals;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：工业生态学;生命周期可持续性评估（LCSA）;方法论;多标法决策;归一化;稀土金属; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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